富兰克林自传·英汉对照pdf/doc/txt格式电子书下载

书名：富兰克林自传·英汉对照pdf/doc/txt格式电子书下载

推荐语：个人奋斗实现美国梦的典范，华盛顿与卡耐基推崇的成功楷模，改变无数人命运的美国精神读本！

作者：（美）富兰克林,徐枫译

出版社：天津社会科学院出版社

出版时间：2016-09-01

书籍编号：30380494

ISBN：9787556302741

正文语种：中英对照

字数：109454

版次：1

所属分类：人物传记-军政领袖

版权信息

书名：富兰克林自传·英汉对照

作者：（美）富兰克林

译者：徐枫

ISBN：9787556302741

版权所有 · 侵权必究

译者序 人性的光辉

本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin，1706－1790）是美国著名的思想家、政治家、外交家和科学家、实业家。富兰克林出生在波士顿一个皂烛制造商家庭，他的父亲先后娶了两个妻子，前妻生了7个孩子，后妻生了10个孩子，富兰克林是他的第15个孩子。富兰克林10岁之前，曾上过两年小学，但是由于家庭人多，经济困难而被迫辍学，到父亲的商店帮着做一些剪烛芯、灌烛模、看店铺、跑腿的事情。但是，由于富兰克林不喜欢干这一行，在12岁的时候，他开始在哥哥詹姆斯的印刷厂当了一名学徒工。在那里，他除了学得一手出色的印刷技术之外，还充分利用一切空闲时间刻苦自学，读书成了他唯一的乐趣。正是通过这种长期的刻苦努力和坚忍不拔，富兰克林后来通晓了法语、意大利语、西班牙语和拉丁语，还大量阅读了欧洲各国的历史、哲学、文学等著作，而且对自然科学和政治经济学也有很深的研究。

17岁的时候，富兰克林因不满哥哥詹姆斯的虐待而来到费城，在一家印刷厂当了一名工人，获得州长的赏识。次年，由于州长劝富兰克林独立开业，于是富兰克林去了一趟英国，打算购买开业需要的设备，没想到受州长的欺骗而被迫留在英国一年多时间。回到费城后，富兰克林于1728年与人合伙开了一家印刷厂，因质量精良而获得了许多业务。第二年，富兰克林成为《宾夕法尼亚公报》的主办者。1736年，富兰克林当选为宾州州议会秘书，开始了他的政治生涯。

■富兰克林出生的地方

富兰克林成名之后，在北美殖民地的文化传播和社会福利方面做了大量工作。例如，由他组建的“共读社”“美洲哲学会”“北美科学促进会”、印刷厂、报社、图书馆、书店、医院、大学、城市环保队、消防队、治安队和地方民兵等组织，都成为北美相关组织和机构的开路先锋。他还对宾夕法尼亚的市政进行了革新，在农业生产、新式路灯和新式火炉、电学、避雷针、高架取书器、自动烤肉机、双光眼镜、玻璃乐器等方面做出了重大发明，在印刷技术的改进上也有所贡献。此外，富兰克林还研究过物理学、数学、光学、植物学、海洋学和天文学，他的成就甚至引起了英国皇家学会和其他学会的重视，使他成为它们的会员。

1754年，北美洲各殖民地代表在纽约的阿尔巴尼集会，通过了由富兰克林起草的殖民地联盟方案。富兰克林在这次大会上首先提出了“不联合则灭亡”的口号，号召北美各殖民地联合起来，为自由而斗争。1757年7月到1775年3月，富兰克林被派往英国，长期住在伦敦，和英国王室、议会等各界人士进行交往，为了北美殖民地人民的利益而努力斡旋，充分展现了一位优秀外交家和政治家的风采。

1775年5月，富兰克林参加了第二届大陆会议，和杰斐逊、亚当斯等人领导了会议中民主派（即主战派）对保守派（即主和派）的斗争。次年7月，他又参与起草和修改了美国历史上具有伟大意义的《独立宣言》。同年底，富兰克林出使法国，于1778年缔结法美同盟；又代表美国和英国谈判，于1783年签订《巴黎和约》，使英国正式承认北美殖民地独立，从而出色地完成了一系列外交使命，成为整个巴黎妇孺皆知的人物。1785年，富兰克林回国，接连三次当选宾夕法尼亚州州长。

1787年5月25日，美国第一次制宪会议召开，已经81岁高龄的富兰克林抱病参加会议，担任大会的副主席。当时，由于13个州的人口和实力相差悬殊，利益难以均衡，因此各州在“制宪”问题上争吵不休。这时，富兰克林再次发挥了他的个人魅力和才华，先后在大会上做了两次重要发言，并努力协调各方利益，终于使美国第一部《宪法》诞生。事实上，富兰克林还参加了这部《宪法》的部分编写工作。

1790年4月17日，富兰克林因患胸膜炎病逝。

作为美国著名的思想家，富兰克林不仅用自己的远见卓识为我们今天所认识的美利坚合众国奠定了基础，清晰地构想出美国的立国之本，指出各个联邦必须走联合之路，必须脱离英国的统治，并且投入了毕生的精力，来维护和确保这个国家成为他心目中的理想国度；更重要的是，富兰克林还用自己的思想影响了一代又一代的美国青年，而最能体现他这些思想的，莫过于他的代表作《自传》了。

■美国《独立宣言》签署时的情况

《富兰克林自传》分为正传和续传，是作者在晚年分四次写成的：第一部分也即正传的全部，是1771年在都怀福德村圣·阿萨夫教堂主教家中写的；第二部分是1784年在巴黎附近的帕西写的；第三部分则于1788写于费城；第四部分是退休之后于1790年初在家里写的，但是只写了两天，富兰克林就一病不起，离开了人世。因此，这部《自传》只写到1757年，至于作者更加辉煌灿烂的后半生却没有写出来。

《自传》的第一部分是富兰克林写给儿子的信，所以主要讲述家庭和个人的历史。但是当富兰克林的朋友艾贝尔·詹姆斯和本杰明·沃恩等人看了这部《自传》的部分手稿后，大为赞赏，他们写信给富兰克林，要求将它发表出来：

它几乎不知不觉地引导着年轻人决心努力成为一个像作者一样善良而优秀的人。比方说，如果您的传记发表的话（我想它一定会发表的），引导年轻人模仿您早年的勤恳和节制，那么这样一部作品将是多么的有益呀!我还找不到一个人，或者是许多人联合起来，能够像您这样有影响地促进美国青年对勤勉精神和早期对尽职、俭朴和节制的注意……我还想不出能有什么东西可与它相提并论的。

考虑到您的声望，我想不出比您的自传更有效的广告来了……您的自传的重要性，不亚于恺撒和塔西佗的著作……它会成为自学的崇高法则和典型……而且能改进全人类。

富兰克林接受了朋友们的建议，因此在写第二部分的时候，就开始改变写作的重点，决定和广大青年朋友谈心，用自己一生的经验教训给后人以启示。其实，在这些经验教训中，最能启发后人、对于“改进全人类”最有影响的，要数他的13项美德修养了。值得注意的是，富兰克林提出13项美德修养时才22岁。关于这13项美德，作者在《自传》中这样写道：

■富兰克林墓

“大约在这时，我想出了一个达到完美品德的大胆而费力的计划。我希望这一辈子任何时候都不犯任何错误，我要克服所有的缺点，不管它们是由天生的爱好而引起的，还是由于习惯或交友不慎而引起的。因为我知道，或者自以为知道什么是对的、什么是错的，所以我觉得或许我能达到只做好事而不做坏事的地步……为了这个目标……我总结出了13项美德，这是我当时认为必需的或适合的所有美德条目……这些道德的名目及其含义如下：

1.节制。食不过饱，饮酒不醉。

2.沉默。说话必须对别人或你自己有益；要避免无益的聊天。

3.生活秩序。将每一样东西放在它们应该放的地方；每件日常事务应当有一定的时间。

4.决心。做应该做的事情；决心要做的事应坚持不懈。

5.俭朴。花钱必须于人于己有益；换言之，切忌浪费。

6.勤勉。不浪费时间，只做那些有用的事情，戒掉一切不必要的行动。

7.诚恳。不欺骗人；思想纯洁公正；说话也要如此。

8.公正。不做害人的事情，不要忘记履行对人有益而且又是你应尽的义务。

9.中庸适度。避免极端；要容忍别人对你应得的处罚。

10.清洁。身体、衣服和住所力求清洁。

11.镇静。不要因为小事或普通的、不可避免的事故而惊慌失措。

12.贞节。除非为了健康或生育后代，不常进行房事，永远不要房事过度、伤害身体或损害你自己或他人的安宁或名誉。

13.谦虚。仿效苏格拉底。”

几百年来，富兰克林提出来的这13项美德影响了一代又一代青年，他也由此而被誉为“美国青年的灵魂和心灵导师”。

所以，富兰克林作为美利坚合众国的缔造者之一，不仅在政治、思想和科学发明等领域备受世人瞩目，更因其光辉的人性而名垂史册，甚至受到了世界著名的成功学大师戴尔·卡耐基和拿破仑·希尔的推崇，成为美国人民心目中的楷模！他的这部《自传》，也成为影响无数读者的成功励志经典；就连《世界上最伟大的推销员》的作者奥格·曼狄诺在编撰《羊皮卷》这本世界畅销的励志作品时，也将它列为重点推荐书，足见它的地位。

两百多年来，《富兰克林自传》在世界上许多国家被翻译出版，成为激励各国青年成长的有益作品。我们翻译整理了他的《自传》，希望能对我国读者朋友有所裨益，若能如此，我们将不胜欣慰！

Chapter 1

TWYFORD，at the Bishop of St．Asaph\'s，1771

Dear son：

I have ever had pleasure in obtaining any little anecdotes of my ancestors．You may remember the inquiries I made among the remains of my relations when you were with me in England，and the journey I undertook for that purpose．Imagining it may be equally agreeable to you to know the circumstances of my life，many of which you are yet unacquainted with，and expecting the enjoyment of a week\'s uninterrupted leisure in my present country retirement，I sit down to write them for you．

To which I have besides some other inducements．Having emerged from the poverty and obscurity in which I was born and bred，to a state of affluence and some degree of reputation in the world，and having gone so far through life with a considerable share of felicity，the conducing means I made use of，which with the blessing of God so well succeeded，my posterity may like to know，as they may find some of them suitable to their own situations，and therefore fit to be imitated.

That felicity，when I reflected on it，has induced me sometimes to say，that were it offered to my choice，I should have no objection to a repetition of the same life from its beginning，only asking the advantages authors have in a second edition to correct some faults of the first．So I might，besides correcting the faults，change some sinister accidents and events of it for others more favorable．But though this were denied，I should still accept the offer．Since such a repetition is not to be expected，the next thing most like living one\'s life over again seems to be a recollection of that life，and to make that recollection as durable as possible by putting it down in writing.

Hereby，too，I shall indulge the inclination so natural in old men，to be talking of themselves and their own past actions；and I shall indulge it without being tiresome to others，who，through respect to age，might conceive themselves obliged to give me a hearing，since this may be read or not as any one pleases．

And，lastly（I may as well confess it，since my denial of it will be believed by nobody），perhaps I shall a good deal gratify my own vanity．Indeed，I scarce ever heard or saw the introductory words，“Without vanity I may say，”＆c.，but some vain thing immediately followed．Most people dislike vanity in others，whatever share they have of it themselves；but I give it fair quarter wherever I meet with it，being persuaded that it is often productive of good to the possessor，and to others that are within his sphere of action；and therefore，in many cases，it would not be altogether absurd if a man were to thank God for his vanity among the other comforts of life.

The notes one of my uncles（who had the same kind of curiosity in collecting family anecdotes）once put into my hands，furnished me with several particulars relating to our ancestors．From these notes I learned that the family had lived in the same village，Ecton，in Northamptonshire，for three hundred years，and how much longer he knew not（perhaps from the time when the name of Franklin，that before was the name of an order of people，was assumed by them as a surname when others took surnames all over the kingdom），on a freehold of about thirty acres，aided by the smith\'s business，which had continued in the family till his time，the eldest son being always bred to that business；a custom which he and my father followed as to their eldest sons．

When I searched the registers at Ecton，I found an account of their births，marriages and burials from the year 1555 only，there being no registers kept in that parish at any time preceding．By that register I perceived that I was the youngest son of the youngest son for five generations back．

My grandfather Thomas，who was born in 1598，lived at Ecton till he grew too old to follow business longer，when he went to live with his son John，a dyer at Banbury，in Oxfordshire，with whom my father served an apprenticeship．There my grandfather died and lies buried．We saw his gravestone in 1758．His eldest son Thomas lived in the house at Ecton，and left it with the land to his only child，a daughter，who，with her husband，one Fisher，of Wellingborough，sold it to Mr．Isted，now lord of the manor there．

My grandfather had four sons that grew up，viz.：Thomas，John，Benjamin and Josiah．I will give you what account I can of them，at this distance from my papers，and if these are not lost in my absence，you will among them find many more particulars.

Thomas was bred a smith under his father；but，being ingenious，and encouraged in learning（as all my brothers were）by an Esquire Palmer，then the principal gentleman in that parish，he qualified himself for the business of scrivener；became a considerable man in the county；was a chief mover of all public-spirited undertakings for the county or town of Northampton，and his own village，of which many instances were related of him；and much taken notice of and patronized by the then Lord Halifax．

He died in 17O2，January 6，old style，just four years to a day before I was born．The account we received of his life and character from some old people at Ecton，I remember，struck you as something extraordinary，from its similarity to what you knew of mine.

“Had he died on the same day，”you said，“one might have supposed a transmigration.”

John was bred a dyer，I believe of woolens．Benjamin was bred a silk dyer，serving an apprenticeship at London．He was an ingenious man．I remember him well，for when I was a boy he came over to my father in Boston，and lived in the house with us some years．He lived to a great age．His grandson，Samuel Franklin，now lives in Boston．He left behind him two quarto volumes，MS.，of his own poetry，consisting of little occasional pieces addressed to his friends and relations，of which the following，sent to me，is a specimen．

He had formed a short-hand of his own，which he taught me，but，never practising it，I have now forgot it．I was named after this uncle，there being a particular affection between him and my father．

He was very pious，a great attender of sermons of the best preachers，which he took down in his short-hand，and had with him many volumes of them．He was also much of a politician；too much，perhaps，for his station．

There fell lately into my hands，in London，a collection he had made of all the principal pamphlets，relating to public affairs，from 1641 to 1717；many of the volumes are wanting as appears by the numbering，but there still remain eight volumes in folio，and twenty-four in quarto and in octavo．A dealer in old books met with them，and knowing me by my sometimes buying of him，he brought them to me．It seems my uncle must have left them here，when he went to America，which was about fifty ye

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