名人传记套装pdf/doc/txt格式电子书下载

书名：名人传记套装pdf/doc/txt格式电子书下载

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作者：（美）本杰明·富兰克林、

出版社：北京新华先锋出版科技有限公司

出版时间：2018-02-08

书籍编号：30393957

ISBN：

正文语种：中英对照

字数：2606455

版次：1

所属分类：人物传记-历史名人

版权信息

书名：名人传记套装

作者：（美）本杰明·富兰克林　卓别林　甘地等

版权所有 · 侵权必究

第一章

（Part 1）

（1771年，写于都怀伏特镇，圣阿萨夫主教家）

亲爱的孩子：

我一直对收集祖上的各种奇闻轶事相当感兴趣，乐此不彼。我就曾经为了这个目的而四出旅行，你可能还记得，当我们在英国的时候，我就经常向我们家族中的老人们询问、调查有关这个方面的情况。我觉得，同样，你们中的一些人可能也很想知道我的生活情况（就好比我渴望知道我的先人的生活一样），因为这其中的很多事情你们是并不清楚的。正好，我现在有一个星期的休假时间，预计在这一个星期的乡村假期里是没有什么东西会来打扰我的。

（Twyford，at the Bishop of St．Asaph\'s，1771）

DEAR SON，

I have ever had pleasure in obtaining any little anecdotes of my ancestors．You may remember the inquiries I made among the remains of my relations when you were with me in England，and the journey I undertook for that purpose．Imagining it may be equally agreeable to some of you to know the circumstances of my life，many of which you are yet unacquainted with，and expecting the enjoyment of a week\'s uninterrupted leisure in my present country retirement，I sit down to write them for you．

因而，我可以坐下来把我的生活情况原原本本地告诉你。其实，写这些东西，我还有另外一个目的。我出身贫贱，后来才在这个世界上获得了财富和荣誉，为世人所称道。上帝保佑，我至今一帆风顺，万事如意。我的处世之道如此成功，我的后世子孙也许想知道它们，并且找到些和他们的境况相适应的立身之术，然后模仿它们。

当我回望、审视这种幸福的时候，我有时候禁不住会想，如果上帝再给我一次机会的话，我会毫不犹豫地重新度过我的此生，一切从头开始。我只要求像作家那样，在修订版本的时候可以改正初版的某些错误，把某些不幸的事情变得稍微顺利些。但是，要是我的这些要求都不被接受的话，我仍然愿意接受上帝的恩赐，按照我原来的样子重新活过一次。事实上既然这种重来是不可能的，那么最接近这种重演的好像只有回忆了。为了让这种回忆尽可能地保持久远，就只好把它用笔记下来了。

在这里我将顺着老年人常有的偏好，来谈谈他们自己，谈谈他们过去的所作所为。我这样做，将不会使那些尊敬老人的人感到厌烦，他们往往处于尊敬老人的考虑而被迫听我们唠叨。而将之写下来，他们可以看也可以不看。最后，我还是自己承认吧，就算我死不承认也没有人会相信，那就是，写这个自传可以极大地满足我的虚荣心。实际上，我经常听到或在书上看到，在人们说完“我可以毫不夸张地说”之类的开场白之后，紧接着的就是一堆自吹自擂的话，而丝毫不觉得脸红。绝大多数人厌恶别人的虚荣，但却不管自己有多么虚荣。但是，无论我在什么地方碰到虚荣，我都会给它一个正确的位子。因为我觉得，这样做，对虚荣的人来说是有好处的，对其周围受其影响的人来说也不无益处。因此，在很多情况下，一个人在感谢生活给他带来的种种便利和舒适之外，然后感谢上帝恩赐于他的虚荣心也是很正常的。

现在，我真的要说感谢上帝，我由衷地感激它在以往的日子里给予的幸福，正是它指引我前进，并取得了成功。虽然这些并不一定在我的预测范围之内，但是深信它们会使我实现渴望，同样的苍天之善仍旧指引着我，使我持续拥有这样的幸福，或者是能够使我容忍他人都会经历的那些致命的困苦。我未来要面临的幸福、甚至是痛苦，全能的上帝全都知晓，并且都在它的掌握之中。

To which I have besides some other inducements．Having emerged from the poverty and obscurity in which I was born and bred，to a state of affluence and some degree of reputation in the world，and having gone so far through life with a considerable share of felicity，the conducing means I made use of，which with the blessing of God so well succeeded，my posterity may like to know，as they may find some of them suitable to their own situations，and therefore fit to be imitated．

That felicity，when I reflected on it，has induced me sometimes to say，that were it offered to my choice，I should have no objection to a repetition of the same life from its beginning，only asking the advantages authors have in a second edition to correct some faults of the first．So I might，besides correcting the faults，change some sinister accidents and events of it for others more favorable．But though this were denied，I should still accept the offer．Since such a repetition is not to be expected，the next thing most like living one\'s life over again seems to be a recollection of that life，and to make that recollection as durable as possible by putting it down in writing．

Hereby，too，I shall indulge the inclination so natural in old men，to be talking of themselves and their own past actions; and I shall indulge it without being tiresome to others，who，through respect to age，might conceive themselves obliged to give me a hearing，since this may be read or not as any one pleases．And，lastly（I may as well confess it，since my denial of it will be believed by nobody），perhaps I shall a good deal gratify my own vanity．Indeed，I scarce ever heard or saw the introductory words，\"Without vanity I may say，\" edc．，but some vain thing immediately followed．Most people dislike vanity in others，whatever share they have of it themselves; but I give it fair quarter wherever I meet with it，being persuaded that it is often productive of good to the possessor，and to others that are within his sphere of action; and therefore，in many cases，it would not be altogether absurd if a man were to thank God for his vanity among the other comforts of life．

And now I speak of thanking God，I desire with all humility to acknowledge that I owe the mentioned happiness of my past life to His kind providence，which lead me to the means I used and gave them success．My belief of this induces me to hope，though I must not presume，that the same goodness will still be exercised toward me，in continuing that happiness，or enabling me to bear a fatal reverse，which I may experience as others have done：the complexion of my future fortune being known to Him only in whose power it is to bless to us even our afflictions．

我一位伯父的手记曾经落在我的手上，他也有收集家族奇闻轶事的癖好。这部手记使我了解到我们祖上的一些详细情况。从这部手记可以看出，我们家族在洛斯安普敦教区的埃克敦村至少住了不下于300年之久。究竟在这之前有多少年，我这个伯父自己也不知道了。（也许可以从他们采用“富兰克林”这个词作为他们的姓开始。“富兰克林”在这之前，是一个平民阶层的名称。当时英国各地都在使用姓氏。）那个时候，他们拥有30亩的自由地，附带着以打铁为副业。一直到我伯父这一代为止，打铁的副业都没有断过。家里的老大总是被培养来接替这个打铁的生意。作为一个惯例，伯父和我父亲在他们长子的职业安排上也服从这样一个规矩。当我在埃克敦查阅相关记录时，我发现了我们祖先从1555年开始的出生、婚姻、丧葬情况。在这之前，就没有任何记录了，因为那个时候教区还没有开始建立记录制度。通过那份记录我得知我是前五代人中最年幼儿子的儿子。

我的祖父托马斯，他生于1598年，他一直住在埃克敦村，直到他老得不能再做生意为止。然后他就和他儿子约翰——一个染工一起住在牛津郡班伯里。那个时候，我父亲就在给约翰当学徒。我祖父一直生活在那里直到死亡并安葬在那里。1758那一年，我们见到了他的墓碑。他的长子托马斯仍然住在埃克敦，他死后将房屋和土地都留给了他惟一的女儿。他的女儿和女婿（威灵堡一个叫费希尔的人）又把它们卖给了现在的主人伊斯特德先生。我祖父有四个儿子，他们是托马斯，约翰，本杰明，约塞亚。我手边没有资料，我将把我记得的尽量给你写下来。如果资料在我离开期间没有丢失的话，你就会在其中发现更多的细节。

托马斯在他父亲的培养下学打铁，但是由于他天性聪慧，当地教区的大绅士帕尔默先生就不断鼓励他去学习。后来他成为了一名合格的书记员，成为地方上相当有影响的人物。他是他自己村庄，也是洛斯安普敦镇以及该郡所有公益事业的推动者。他得到了人们的注意也得到了哈利法克斯勋爵的奖赏。托马斯于阴历1702年1月6日去世，四年后的那天是我出生的日子。我曾记得爱克顿的老人们向我们讲述他的生平和他的性格的时候，你被强烈地震动了。因为你觉得那些东西很像你知道的我。你说，“如果他死在你出生的那一天，人们可能会认为你是他转世投胎呢！”

The notes one of my uncles（who had the same kind of curiosity in collecting family anecdotes）once put into my hands，furnished me with several particulars relating to our ancestors．From these notes I learned that the family had lived in the same village，Ecton，in Northamptonshire，for three hundred years，and how much longer he knew not（perhaps from the time when the name of Franklin，that before was the name of an order of people，was assumed by them as a surname when others took surnames all over the kingdom），on a freehold of about thirty acres，aided by the smith\'s business，which had continued in the family till his time，the eldest son being always bred to that business; a custom which he and my father followed as to their eldest sons．When I searched the registers at Ecton，I found an account of their births，marriages and burials from the year 1555 only，there being no registers kept in that parish at any time preceding．By that register I perceived that I was the youngest son of the youngest son for five generations back．

My grandfather Thomas，who was born in 1598，lived at Ecton till he grew too old to follow business longer，when he went to live with his son John，a dyer at Banbury，in Oxfordshire，with whom my father served an apprenticeship．There my grandfather died and lies buried．We saw his gravestone in 1758．His eldest son Thomas lived in the house at Ecton，and left it with the land to his only child，a daughter，who，with her husband，one Fisher，of Wellingborough，sold it to Mr．Isted，now lord of the manor there．My grandfather had four sons that grew up，viz．：Thomas，John，Benjamin and Josiah．I will give you what account I can of them，at this distance from my papers，and if these are not lost in my absence，you will among them find many more particulars．

Thomas was bred a smith under his father; but，being ingenious，and encouraged in learning（as all my brothers were）by an Esquire Palmer，then the principal gentleman in that parish，he qualified himself for the business of scrivener; became a considerable man in the county; was a chief mover of all public-spirited undertakings for the county or town of Northampton，and his own village，of which many instances were related of him; and much taken notice of and patronized by the then Lord Halifax．He died in 1702，January 6，old style，just four years to a day before I was born．The account we received of his life and character from some old people at Ecton，I remember，struck you as something extraordinary，from its similarity to what you knew of mine．\"Had he died on the same day，\" you said，\"one might have supposed a transmigration．\"

约翰被培养成了一名洗染工，我觉得是染羊毛的。本杰明被培养成为了染丝绸的，他是在伦敦学的手艺。他是一个很机灵的人。我记得很清楚，当我童年的时候，他来到波士顿我父亲住的地方和我们一起住了些个年头。我一直活到很大的年纪。他的孙子塞缪尔·富兰克林现在住在波士顿。他死后留下了两卷4开大的书本，里面是他自己写的一些诗，包括他写给他朋友和亲戚的一些即兴短诗。下面是他给我的一首诗，就是一个样本。

致和我同名的人（基于一份好战的报告）1710年7月7号

本，相信我，战争是一个危险的交易，

剑锻造好以后也就意味着毁坏。

它让许多人失败而不是成功；

它让许多人贫穷，少数人富裕，更少数人变的富有智慧；

它让村镇衰败，田野血迹斑斑；

它鼓励懒惰，保护傲慢。

美丽的城市，现在河水泛滥，

明天就会被战争的稀缺和悲伤填充，

还有破败的国家，罪恶，残肢，伤疤，

这些都是战争造成的荒凉。

他还创造了自己的速记法，并且把它教给了我。不过，由于我从来没有练习过，所以我就忘记了。我的名字是跟着他起的，因为我父亲和他有种特别的感情。他非常虔诚，只要有好的布道者来布道他都会去，并且用他自己的速记法把内容记下来，最终，他记了好几卷笔记。他还经常参加政治活动，当然，就其身份来说，他过分地关心政治了，他参加的政治活动太多了。我在伦敦的时候，他有份收藏品落在了我的手里，里面全是从1641年到1771年所有和公共事务有关的重要的小册子。从编号来看，很多小册子遗失了，但还是有8册对开本的和20册4开本的、8开本的。一位认识我的旧书商人碰到这些书就买了下来送给我。好像大概在50年前，我叔叔来美国的时候把它们忘在了那里。在书边上还有很多他记的笔记。

John was bred a dyer，I believe of woolens．Benjamin was bred a silk dyer，serving an apprenticeship at London．He was an ingenious man．I remember him well，for when I was a boy he came over to my father in Boston，and lived in the house with us some years．He lived to a great age．His grandson，Samuel Franklin，now lives in Boston．He left behind him two quarto volumes，MS．，of his own poetry，consisting of little occasional pieces addressed to his friends and relations，of which the following，sent to me，is a specimen．

To my Namesake upon a Report of his Inclination to Martial Affairs，July 7th，1710

Believe me，Ben，war is a dangerous trade．

The sword has marred as well as made;

By it do many fall，not many rise—

Makes many poor，few rich，and fewer wise;

Fills towns with ruin，fields with blood，beside

\'Tis sloth\'s maintainer and the shield of Pride．

Fair cities，rich today in plenty flow，

War fills with want tomorrow，and with woe．

Ruined states，vice，broken limbs，and scars

Are the effects of desolating wars．

He had formed a short-hand of his own，which he taught me，but，never practising it，I have now forgot it．I was named after this uncle，there being a particular affection between him and my father．He was very pious，a great attender of sermons of the best preachers，which he took down in his short-hand，and had with him many volumes of them．He was also much of a politician; too much，perhaps，for h

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