书名：童贞女王：伊丽莎白一世传pdf/doc/txt格式电子书下载

推荐语：

作者：里顿·斯特拉奇著

出版社：

出版时间：2014-04-01

书籍编号：30402915

ISBN：9787514117592

正文语种：中文

字数：432342

版次：1

所属分类：人物传记-女性人物

版权信息

书名：童贞女王：伊丽莎白一世传

作者：里顿·斯特拉奇

ISBN：9787514117592

免责声明：本站所有资源收集整理于网络，版权归原作者所有。
本站所有内容不得用于商业用途。本站发布的内容若侵犯到您的权益，请联系站长删除，我们将及时处理！

前言

Humanities in English

培养人文素质　成就国际通才

若想精通一门语言，没有对其文化背景的深入了解恐怕永远难登大雅之堂。在全球化日益成为国际主流的今天，英语作为西方文化头牌语言的重要性已日益凸显——今日世界，恐怕在地球上的任何角落，人们都可以用英语问路、用英语聊天、用英语购物、用英语交友、用英语在跨文化间作深度交流。

正如许多西方人热切地想了解中国文化一样，中国的英语学习者对西方文化及人文的了解也处于热切的需求中。是的，如果对西方的历史、文学、艺术、宗教、哲学没有一个最基本的了解，就连好莱坞大片想要看懂都会成为一个问题；而西方文化贡献给社会的普世价值恰恰是它深厚的人文传统及“民主、自由、博爱”等现代理念，不了解这些，则与任何稍有层次和品位的西方人的交流都将难以顺畅。

另一方面，国内的英语学习及爱好者如再停留在日常生活的English In General的层次上，将难以适应深度沟通和交流的需要，因此，对专业英语及文化背景的深入了解及学习将是提升英语能力的必由之路。有鉴于此，我们编写了本套丛书——《人文英语双语读物》，为读者奉上原汁原味的人文阅读精华，其或选自原典正文、或选自专业教材、或选自网络热帖，由精研此业者掇菁撷华，辑录成册，希望能帮助读者在学习英语的同时又能品味西方文化的独特魅力。

读万卷书行万里路，在我们无法踏上万里之路以愉耳目的时候，我们可以用阅读来滋养心灵，拓展人生版图。于某一日午后，抛开世俗的纷扰，挑一静谧之处，一杯香茗，几卷书册，品文化，长知识，学英语，在书页和文字之间触摸大千世界的真谛，在阅读中将知识内化成自己的修养，此为人生至乐。

文化共语言同飞，思想与阅读共舞。让我们的目光穿越时光、穿越语言，在原汁原味的英语阅读中品味人类文明共有的人文素质、人文素养、人文情怀、人文理念……并在此过程中成就自己的文化修养及完美人生。

献书

谨以此书献给伟大的伊丽莎白一世

Chapter I.Twilight Romance of the Charmful Queen

Elizabeth, the founder of the golden age of English Tudor dynasty; Essex, the rough knight in Zutphen War . She had the advantages of beauty and power, and he had the nature of courage and depression. She and he fall into love with each other shortly and pitifully.

1. Bid Farewell to the Knight Times

The English Reformation was not merely a religious event; it was also a social one. While the spiritual mould of the Middle Ages was shattered, a corresponding revolution, no less complete and no less far−reaching, occurred in the structure of secular life and the seat of power. The knights and ecclesiastics who had ruled for ages vanished away, and their place was taken by a new class of persons, neither chivalrous nor holy, into whose competent and vigorous hands the reins, and the sweets, of government were gathered. This remarkable aristocracy, which had been created by the cunning of Henry VIII, overwhelmed at last the power that had given it being. The figure on the throne became a shadow, while the Russells, the Cavendishes, the Cecils, ruled over England in supreme solidity. For many generations they were England; and it is difficult to imagine an England without them, even to−day.

2. Essex, the Last Flame of Knight

The change came quickly—it was completed during the reign of Elizabeth. The rebellion of the Northern Earls in 1569 was the last great effort of the old dispensation to escape its doom. It failed; the wretched Duke of Norfolk—the feeble Howard who had dreamt of marrying Mary Queen of Scots—was beheaded; and the new social system was finally secure. Yet the spirit of the ancient feudalism was not quite exhausted. Once more, before the reign was over, it flamed up, embodied in a single individual—Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex. The flame was glorious—radiant with the colours of antique knighthood and the flashing gallantries of the past; but no substance fed it; flaring wildly, it tossed to and fro in the wind; it was suddenly put out. In the history of Essex, so perplexed in its issues, so desperate in its perturbations, so dreadful in its conclusion, the spectral agony of an abolished world is discernible through the tragic lineaments of a personal disaster.

3. The Complex Essexes

His father, who had been created Earl of Essex by Elizabeth, was descended from all the great houses of mediaeval England. The Earl of Huntingdon, the Marquis of Dorset, the Lord Ferrers—Bohuns, Bourchiers, Rivers, Plantagenets—they crowded into his pedigree. One of his ancestresses, Eleanor de Bohun, was the sister of Mary, wife of Henry IV; another, Anne Woodville, was the sister of Elizabeth, wife of Edward IV; through Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, the family traced its descent from Edward III. The first Earl had been a man of dreams—virtuous and unfortunate. In the spirit of a crusader he had set out to subdue Ireland; but the intrigues of the Court, the economy of the Queen, and the savagery of the kerns had been too much for him, he had effected nothing, and had died at last a ruined and broken−hearted man. His son Robert was born in 1567. Nine years old when his father died, the boy found himself the inheritor of an illustrious name and the poorest Earl in England. But that was not all. The complex influences which shaped his destiny were present at his birth: his mother was as much a representative of the new nobility as his father of the old. Lettice Knollys\'s grandmother was a sister of Anne Boleyn; and thus Queen Elizabeth was Essex\'s first cousin twice removed. A yet more momentous relationship came into being when, two years after the death of the first Earl, Lettice became the wife of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. The fury of her Majesty and the mutterings of scandal were passing clouds of small significance; what remained was the fact that Essex was the stepson of Leicester, the Queen\'s magnificent favourite, who, from the moment of her accession, had dominated her Court. What more could ambition ask for? All the ingredients were present—high birth, great traditions, Court influence, even poverty—for the making of a fine career.

4. The Young Man with both Courage and Depression

The young Earl was brought up under the guardianship of Burghley. In his tenth year he was sent to Trinity College, Cambridge, where in 1581, at the age of 14, he received the degree of Master of Arts. His adolescence passed in the country, at one or other of his remote western estates—at Lanfey in Pembrokeshire, or, more often, at Chartley in Staffordshire, where the ancient house, with its carved timber, its embattled top, its windows enriched with the arms and devices of Devereux and Ferrers, stood romantically in the midst of the vast chase, through which the red deer and the fallow deer, the badger and the wild boar, ranged at will. The youth loved hunting and all the sports of manhood; but he loved reading too. He could write correctly in Latin and beautifully in English; he might have been a scholar, had he not been so spirited a nobleman. As he grew up this double nature seemed to be reflected in his physical complexion. The blood flew through his veins in vigorous vitality; he ran and tilted with the sprightliest; and then suddenly health would ebb away from him, and the pale boy would lie for hours in his chamber, obscurely melancholy, with a Virgil in his hand.

When he was eighteen, Leicester, sent with an army to the Netherlands, appointed him General of the Horse. The post was less responsible than picturesque, and Essex performed its functions perfectly. Behind the lines, in festive tournaments, \"he gave all men great hope,\" says the Chronicler, \"of his noble forwardness in arms\"—a hope that was not belied when the real fighting came. In the mad charge of Zutphen he was among the bravest, and was knighted by Leicester after the action.

5. The Love of the Goddess and the Handsome Man

More fortunate—or so it seemed—than Philip Sidney, Essex returned scathless to England. He forthwith began an assiduous attendance at Court. The Queen, who had known him from his childhood, liked him well. His stepfather was growing old; in that palace a white head and a red face were serious handicaps; and it may well have seemed to the veteran courtier that the favour of a young connexion would strengthen his own hand, and, in particular, counterbalance the rising influence of Walter Raleigh. Be that as it may, there was soon no occasion for pushing Essex forward. It was plain to all—the handsome, charming youth, with his open manner, his boyish spirits, his words and looks of adoration, and his tall figure, and his exquisite hands, and the auburn hair on his head, that bent so gently downwards, had fascinated Elizabeth.

The new star, rising with extraordinary swiftness, was suddenly seen to be shining alone in the firmament. The Queen and the Earl were never apart. She was fifty−three, and he was not yet twenty: a dangerous concatenation of ages. Yet, for the moment—it was the May of 1587—all was smooth and well. There were long talks, long walks and rides through the parks and the woods round London, and in the evening there was more talk, and laughter, and then there was music, until, at last, the rooms at Whitehall were empty, and they were left, the two, playing cards together. On and on through the night they played—at cards or one game or another, so that, a contemporary gossip tells us, \"my Lord cometh not to his own lodging till birds sing in the morning.\" Thus passed the May of 1587 and the June.

If only time could have stood still for a little and drawn out those halcyon weeks through vague ages of summer! The boy, in his excitement, walking home through the dawn, the smiling Queen in the darkness, but there is no respite for mortal creatures. Human relationships must either move or perish. When two consciousnesses come to a certain nearness the impetus of their interactions, growing ever intenser and intenser, leads on to an unescapable climax. The crescendo must rise to its topmost note; and only then is the preordained solution of the theme made manifest.

英国都铎王朝：开始于亨利六世1485年入主英格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰，结束于1603年伊丽莎白一世的去世。这个王朝因其将英国从一个老式的国家变成优秀强大的国家而令世人所瞩目。

苏特芬战役：发生在1586年9月22日，英国支持荷兰联合省与西班牙作战，这是八十年持久战的一部分，为了收复北荷兰失地，不过以西班牙胜利而告终。

安妮·博林（1501年－1536年）是英格兰王后，英王亨利八世的第二任妻子，伊丽莎白一世的母亲，威尔特伯爵汤马斯·博林与伊丽莎白·博林之女。安妮·博林原本是亨利八世第一任妻子阿拉贡的凯瑟琳的侍从女官，1533年1月与亨利八世秘密结婚，5月被宣布为合法妻子。3个月后亨利八世对她的热情消退，直到1533年9月生下伊丽莎白后才稍和缓。但两人关系在1536年1月安妮·博林流产时恶化。1536年5月2日被捕入狱，关进伦敦塔；5月19日以通奸罪被斩首。

伯利：威廉·塞西尔（1520-1598），英国女王伊丽莎白一世的重臣，1558年11月20日进入枢密院，任命为首席国务大臣，1571年被册封为伯利勋爵。

菲利普·西德尼：伊丽莎白时代一个主要的朝臣，学者和诗人，才华横溢，富有骑士气概。1586年自愿入伍，到法兰德斯去和西班牙人作战。同年9月22日，在苏特芬战役中，大腿负了重伤，不治而亡，年仅32岁。

第一章　倾世女王的黄昏恋

伊丽莎白，英国都铎王朝黄金时代的缔造者；埃塞克斯，苏特芬战役中的勇猛骑士。她美丽与权力双拥，他勇敢与忧郁并存。她和他，短暂地、可怜地相爱着。

1.告别骑士时代

英国的宗教改革，不仅是一项宗教大事，也是一项社会大事。中世纪的精神枷锁震碎了，但是，相应地，一场革命运动出现在世俗生活和权力交椅的夹缝中，同样是既全面而又意义深远。占据统治地位长达数年的骑士与神职人员销声匿迹，而其位置也由一个新的阶级所取而代之：他们既没有骑士风度，也不具神圣气质，但他们活跃在社会舞台上，有力地掌握着政府的一切权力和利益。这是一个能力非凡的贵族阶级，原来是亨利八世玩弄政治把戏创造出来的，但是讽刺的是，到最后，是这个阶级吞没了创造它的那份权力。这使得王座就像一个影子，一个傀儡，整个英格兰的政权已经被拉塞尔家族、卡文迪什家族和塞西尔家族等贵族牢牢掌控了，其至高无上的权力固若金汤。他们代表着英国，并一代又一代地传承下来；即使到

....