书名：汽车工程专业英语pdf/doc/txt格式电子书下载

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作者：宋建桐,朱春红等编

出版社：电子工业出版社

出版时间：2010-11-01

书籍编号：30466438

ISBN：9787121122507

正文语种：中英对照

字数：52785

版次：1

所属分类：教材教辅-中职/高职

版权信息

书名：汽车工程专业英语

作者：宋建桐　朱春红

ISBN：9787121122507

版权所有 · 侵权必究

前言

近年来，汽车技术的发展日新月异，我国汽车行业也发展迅速，急需大批熟悉外国汽车技术特点、能够熟练阅读英文技术资料、掌握扎实的专业英语知识的应用型人才。本书旨在向读者介绍汽车的新结构与新技术，使读者了解当今汽车领域发展的前沿技术和最新动态，力争在帮助读者提高汽车专业英语知识水平的同时，提高读者对英语文献资料的翻译和阅读能力，同时提高读者对英语的听、说、读、写能力。

本书共分20单元，内容涵盖汽车发动机、底盘以及相关的新技术等。每个单元包括课文、生词及专业词汇解析、长难句解析、课后练习题和课文的中文翻译等内容。为了便于学生查阅、学习，书后还附有汽车专业常用的词汇和术语的中英文对照表。

本书由长期从事高职高专汽车专业教学的教师与专业英语教师共同编写，对专业知识与英语知识两手抓。本书在编写过程中参阅了大量外文原著资料和外文网站内容，力图为读者呈现出原汁原味的英语语言表达和专业术语运用，同时我们在课文中插入大量图片，力求图文并茂，帮助读者更清晰明了地学习和掌握知识。

本书由宋建桐、朱春红担任主编，方芳、张贺达、任小龙担任副主编。其中宋建桐编写了Chapter 3、Chapter 4、Chapter 6、Chapter 11、Chapter 12、Chapter 14、Chapter 19、Chapter 20，朱春红编写了Chapter 2、Chapter 5、Chapter 7～Chapter 10，张贺达编写了Chapter 1、Chapter 13、Chapter 15～Chapter 18，方芳负责核对每篇英文课文的语法、时态，并编制课后注释，任小龙负责编制词汇、术语表。

本书可作为高职高专院校、成人高等院校及本科院校高职教育的汽车专业英语教材，也可供汽车生产及营销企业、汽车运输企业的从业者及相关技术人员学习、参考。

本书力求突出汽车专业知识与英语知识的结合与应用，由于编者水平有限，疏漏和不妥之处在所难免，殷切期望广大教师和读者不吝指正，以使本书不断优化、完善。

编者

Chapter 1 Automotive Historical Background

The automobile has changed quite a bit since the first horseless carriage went down an American street.In 1896，both Henry Ford and Ransom Eli Olds test drove their first gasoline-powered vehicles.Prior to this time，other individuals were making their own auto-mobiles（Figure 1-1）.Most were powered by electricity or steam.The year 1896 marks the beginning of the automotive industry，not because of what Ford or Olds did，but because of the Duryea Brothers，who，by 1896，had made thirteen cars in the first factory that made cars for customers.

Figure 1-1 The 1886 Benz Patent Motor Wagen，one of the first automobiles made.

In the beginning，the automobile looked like the horse-drawn carriage it was designed to replace.In1919，90%of the cars had carriage like open bodies.These early cars had rear-mounted engines and very tall tires.They were designed to move people down dirt roads.

The automobile changed when the roads became paved，more people owned cars，manufacturers tried to sell more cars，concerns for safety and the environment grew，and new technology was developed.All of these changes resulted in automobiles that are more practical，more affordable，safer，more comfortable，more dependable，and faster.Although many improvements have been made to the original design，the basics of the automobile have changed very little：

■Nearly all of todayˈs cars still use gasoline engines to drive two or more wheels.

■A steering system is used to control the direction of the car.

■A brake system is used to slow down and stop the car.

■A suspension system is used to absorb road shocks and help the driver maintain control on bumpy roads.

■These major systems are mounted on steel frames and the frame is covered with body panels.

■The body panels give the car its shape and protect those inside from the weather and dirt.The body panels also offer some protection for the passengers if the automobile is in an accident.

Although these basics have changed little in the past 100 years，the design of the systems has greatly changed.New technologies have changed the slow，unreliable，user-hostile vehicles of the early l900s into vehicles that can travel at very high speeds，operate trouble-free for thousands of miles，and provide comforts that even the very rich had not dreamed of in 1896.

Social and political pressures have had a great influence on automobile design for the past 40-plus years.In 1965，laws were passed that limited the amount of harmful gases emitted by an automobile.Although this had little immediate effect on the industry，the automobile manufacturers were forced to focus on the future.They needed to build cleaner-burning engines.In the following years，stricter emissions laws were passed and manufacturers were required to develop new emission control systems.

World events in the l970s continued to shape the development of the automobile.An oil embargo by Arab nations in 1973 caused the price of gasoline to quickly increase to four times its normal price.This event caused most Americans to realize that the supply of gasoline and other nonrenewable resources was limited.Car buyers wanted cars that were not only kind to the environment but that also used less fuel.

The Corporate Average Fuel Economy（CAFE）standards were set in 1975.These required automakers to build more fuel-efficient vehicles.Under the CAFE standards，different models from each manufacturer are tested for the number of miles they can be driven on a gallon of gas.The fuel efficiencies of these vehicles are averaged together to arrive at a corporate average.The CAFE standards have increased many times since it was established.A manufacturer that does not meet CAFE standards for a given model year faces heavy fines.

While trying to produce more fuel-efficient vehicles，manufacturers replaced large eight-cylinder engines with four-cylinder and other small engines.Basic engine systems like carburetors and ignition breaker points were replaced by electronic fuel injection and electronic ignition systems.

By the mid-1980s，all automobiles were equipped with some type of electronic control system.These systems monitor the engineˈs operation and provide increased power outputs while min-imizing fuel consumption and emissions.Electronic sensors are used to monitor the engine and many other systems.Computerized engine control systems control air and fuel delivery，ignition timing，emission systems operation，and a host of other related operations.The result is a clean-burning，fuel-efficient，and powerful engine（Figure 1-2）.

Figure 1-2 A cutaway of a late-model V-10 gasoline engine.

New Words

automotive[ɔ：təˈməutiv]　adj.汽车的

automobile[ˈɔ：təməubi：I]　n.汽车

horseless[`hɔ：sIis]　adj.不用马的，自行推进的

carriage[ˈkæridʒ]　n.马车，客车

electricity[iIekˈtrisiti]　n.电流，电

steam[sti：m]　n.蒸汽

tire[ˈtaiə]　n.轮胎

safety[ˈseifti]　n.安全

environment[inˈvaiərənmənt]　n.环境

technology[tekˈnɔIədʒi]　n.技术

practical[ˈpræktikəI]　adj.实用的

comfortable[ˈkʌmfətəbI]　adj.舒适的

dependable[diˈpendəbI]　adj.可靠的

improvement[imˈpru：vmənt]　n.改进，进步

original[əˈridʒənəI]　adj.最初的

gasoline[ˈgæsəIi：n]　n.汽油

steering[ˈstiəriŋ]　n.操纵，转向

brake[breik]　n.制动，刹车

suspension[səsˈpenʃən]　n.悬架

steel[sti：I]　n.钢，钢铁

body[ˈbɔdi]　n.车身

shape[ʃeip]　n.外形，形状

protect[prəˈtekt]　vt.保护

weather[ˈweðə]　n.天气

dirt[də：t]　n.污垢，泥土

protection[prəˈtekʃən]　n.保护

accident[ˈæksidənt]　n.意外事件，事故

social[ˈsəuʃəI]　adj.社会的

political[pəˈIitikəI]　adj.政治的

pressure[`preʃə（r）]　n.压力

influence[ˈinfIuəns]　n.影响

law[Iɔ：]　n.法律，法规

limit[ˈIimit]　vt.限制

harmful[ˈha：mfʊI]　adj.有害的

gas[gæs]　n.气体

emit[iˈmit]　vt.发出，排放

immediate[iˈmi：djət]　adj.直接的，立即的

industry[ˈindəstri]　n.工业

manufacturer[ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərə]　n.制造业者，厂商

emission[iˈmiʃən]　n.（光、热等的）散发，排放

automaker[ˈɔ：təuˌmeikə]　n.汽车制造商

efficient[iˈfiʃənt]　adj.有效率的

vehicle[ˈvi：ikI]　n.交通工具，车辆

cylinder[ˈsiIində]　n.汽缸

carburetor[ka：bəˈretə（r）]；（US）[ˈka：rbəreitər]　n.化油器

ignition[igˈniʃən]　n.点火，点燃

breaker[ˈbreikə]　n.断电器

point[pɔint]　n.点，触点

injection[inˈdʒekʃən]　n.注射

monitor[ˈmɔnitə]　vt.监测，监控

operation[ˌɔpəˈreiʃən]　n.运转

power[ˈpauə]　n.动力

sensor[ˈsensə]　n.传感器

delivery[diˈIivəri]　n.分配

Phrases and Expressions

gasoline engine　汽油机

steering system　转向系统

brake system　制动系统

suspension system　悬架系统

automobile design　汽车设计

have an effect on　影响

automobile manufacturer　汽车厂商

emission control system　排放控制系统

nonrenewable resources　不可再生资源

fuel efficiency　燃油效率

breaker point　断电器触点

electronic fuel injection　电控燃油喷射

electronic ignition system　电子点火系统

electronic control system　电控系统

power output　功率输出

fuel consumption　燃油消耗率

ignition timing　点火正时

Notes

1.The automobile has changed quite a bit since the first horseless carriage went down an American street.自从第一辆没有马拉的车出现在美国街头开始，汽车已经发生了相当大的变化。

a bit 稍微，一点。

since自从，从…时开始。通常用于现在完成时，表示从某个时间点开始，注意与for的差别，后者用于现在完成时表示持续了一段时间。例如：

l have been in Beijing for six years.我在北京已经6年了。

2.Prior to this time，other individuals were making their own auto-mobiles.在此之前，其他人也在制造着他们自己的汽车。

prior to 在…之前。例如：

l saw him prior to leaving.离开前我见到了他。

The duty to protect my sister is prior to all others.保护我的妹妹是我最重要的责任。

3.The year 1896 marks the beginning of the automotive industry，not because of what Ford or Olds did，but because of the Duryea Brothers，who，by 1896，had made thirteen cars in the first factory that made cars for customers.1896年标志着汽车工业的开始，并不是因为福特和奥斯的所作所为，而是因为直到1896年为止，杜叶兄弟已经在他们的第一家工厂为顾客制造了13辆小汽车。

mark 标记。

by 1896作插入语，插入到由who引导的定语从句中。

because of 由于，因为。例如：

l came back because of the rain.因为下雨，所以我回来了。

lt was because of the job that he had taken the flat.他因为工作的原因租了那套公寓。

4.The automobile changed when the roads became paved，more people owned cars，manufacturers tried to sell more cars，concerns for safety and the environment grew，and new technology was developed.随着公路变得平直，汽车也发生了变化，更多的人拥有了汽车，制造商也尽力地销售更多的汽车，人们对安全和环境也越来越关注，所以发展了新的技术。

concern vt.关于，关系到；n.忧虑，焦虑，担心。例如：

These problems concern all of us.这些问题与我们所有的人都有关系。

lt doesnˈt concern me at all.此事与我毫不相干。

5.All of these changes resulted in automobiles that are more practical，more affordable，safer，more comfortable，more dependable，and faster.所有的这些发展使汽车变得更加的实用、经济，安全、舒适、可靠，并且车速也更快。

result in导致，结果是。例如：

The game resulted in another victory for our team.比赛结果是我们队又获胜了。

The flood resulted in a considerable reduction in production.这次水灾造成相当大的减产。

6.The body panels give the car its shape and protect those inside from the weather and dirt.车身使汽车具有不同的形状，保护车内的人与货物免受天气和灰尘影响。

protect from 保护，保卫。例如：

Citrus growers were cautioned to protect the fruit from frost.种柑橘者收到防霜保橘的劝告。

An umbrella will protect you from the rain.雨伞可以保护你不至于淋雨。

7.New technologies have changed the slow，unreliable，user-hostile vehicles of the early l900s into vehicles that can travel at very high speeds，operate trouble-free for thousands of miles，and provide comforts that even the very rich had not dreamed of in 1896.新技术已经将20世纪初期的低车速、不可靠、不安全改变为很高的车速、无故障行驶数千公里，即使在1896年非常富有的人也想象不到的舒适性。

very很，非常，相当。放在形容词前表示程度，例如：

the very tall 相当高。

8.Social and political pressures have had a great influence on automobile design for the past 40-plus years.在过去的40多年里，社会和政治的压力对汽车的设计产生了深远的影响。

have influence on…对…有影响。

plus 比所示数量多的。例如：

All the children here are 12 plus.这里的孩子都是12岁以上的。

9.World events in the l970s continued to shape the development of the automobile.20世纪70年代，世界性事件继续推动了汽车的发展。

continue to do 继续做某事。

sh

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