同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试阅读理解120篇精解pdf/doc/txt格式电子书下载
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书名:同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试阅读理解120篇精解pdf/doc/txt格式电子书下载
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作者:同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试辅导用书编审委员会著
出版社:中国人民大学出版社
出版时间:2016-10-01
书籍编号:30498742
ISBN:9787300233086
正文语种:中英对照
字数:108000
版次:1
所属分类:教材教辅-公务员类
版权信息
书名:同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试阅读理解120篇精解
作者:同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试辅导用书编审委员会
ISBN:9787300233086
出版日期:2016-10-01
出版社:中国人民大学出版社
。
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总序
本套书的特色如下:
一、作者阵容强大、辅导经验丰富、深谙命题动态
二、鲜明的创新特色,编写体例非常符合考生的需要
编著者
前言
编著者
第一部分 基础阅读训练30篇
Text 1
Very soon,unimaginably powerful technologies will remake our lives.This could have dangerous consequences,especially because we may not even understand the basic science underlying them.There’s a growing gap between our technological capability and our underlying scientific understanding.We can do very clever things with the technology of the future without necessarily understanding some of the science underneath,and that is very dangerous.
The technologies that are particularly dangerous over the next hundred years are nanotechnology,artificial intelligence and biotechnology.The benefits they will bring are beyond doubt but they are potentially very dangerous.In the field of artificial intelligence there are prototype designs for something that might be 50000 million times smarter than the human brain by the year 2010.The only thing not feasible in the film Terminator is that the people win.If you’re fighting against technology that is much smarter than you,you probably will not win.We’ve all heard of the grey goo problem that self-replicating nanotech devices might keep on replicating until the world has been reduced to sticky goo,and certainly in biotechnology,we’ve really got a big problem because it’s converging with nanotechnology.Once you start mixing nanotech with organisms and you start feeding nanotech-enabled bacteria,we can go much further than the Borg in Star Trek,and those superhuman organisms might not like us very much.
We are in a world now where science and commerce are increasingly bedfellows.The development of technology is happening in the context of global free trade regimes which see technological diffusion embedded with commerce as intrinsically a good.We should prepare for new and unfamiliar forms of argument around emerging technologies.
1.From the text,we know that the author’s greatest worry is_______.
A.our lack of technological understanding of the process involved
B.our lack of technological capability
C.creating technology without really understanding the issues
D.our refusal to face the consequences of the technology we create
2.It can be inferred from the text that the author_______.
A.thinks people overestimate the capabilities of technology
B.is not optimistic that artificial intelligence will always be used positively
C.thinks that we should take science fiction movies more seriously
D.believes artificial intelligence is the greatest threat we face technologically
3.Why does the author say it is not feasible in the film Terminator that the humans win?
A.Because the power of the technology was exaggerated.
B.Because the strength of the machines would be much greater.
C.Because machines with that much intelligence would not allow it.
D.Because even heroic humans would achieve nothing from such a battle.
4.The mixing of nanotech with organisms may_______.
A.produce dangerous viruses capable of killing many people
B.produce creatures that are unfriendly to humans
C.upset our balance of nature
D.reduce the world to sticky glue
5.The author’s attitude toward the emerging technologies is_______.
A.critical
B.skeptical
C.provocative
D.alarmist
6.Which one is correct according to this article?
A.Human’s ability of understanding is faster than new technology.
B.The future development of the unimaginable science is harder.
C.Embeding technology with commerce is good only in free trade regimes.
D.Emerging technologies are a challenge for human’s intelligence.
长难例句分析
[长难例句]The development of technology is happening in the context of global free trade regimes which see technological diffusion embedded with commerce as intrinsically a good.
[结构分析]本句中,The development of technology作主语,in the context of global free trade regimes是介宾短语作状语,which引导的定语从句修饰regimes。
[参考译文]在全球自由贸易体制的环境中,技术正在发展。这种体制认为,技术的传播与商业结合实质上是好事。
全文参考译文
无比强大的科技很快就将完全改变我们的生活。这可能会产生危险的后果,尤其是因为我们可能不懂得其背后的基本科学。我们的科技能力和对科学的基本理解之间的差距愈发加大。我们借助于未来科技可以从事非常巧妙的事情,而不必理解基本的科学原理,这是很危险的。
未来的一百年中特别危险的技术是纳米技术、人工智能和生物技术。它们带来的好处不容置疑,但它们潜在的危险却很大。在人工智能领域,到2010年比人脑聪明500亿倍的东西其原型设计已经出现。电影《终结者》中唯一不可能实现的是人类会胜出。假如你在和比自己聪明得多的技术对抗,你可能不会取胜。我们都听说过灰色黏质问题,能自我复制的纳米技术装置不停地复制,直到世界沦为黏糊糊的质体。无疑在生物技术方面,我们真的有个大问题,因为它在与纳米技术合流。一旦把纳米技术和有机体相结合,就有了纳米技术制造的细菌,我们能够比《星际迷航》中的柏格飞船旅行得更远,但那些超人生物体可能对我们并不太友好。
我们所处的世界科学与商业联系日益紧密。在全球自由贸易体制的环境中,技术正在发展,这种体制认为,技术的传播与商业结合实质上是好事。我们应该做好准备,迎接围绕新兴技术而展开的前所未有的争论。
题目答案与解析
1.我们从文中可知,作者最大的担忧是_______。
A.我们对相关过程的技术缺乏了解
B.我们技术能力的缺乏
C.在创造技术的同时没有真正懂得问题
D.我们拒绝面对我们所创造的技术所产生的后果
【答案】C
【解析】从第1段可知,作者先后指出:“无比强大的科技很快就将完全改变我们的生活。这可能会产生危险的后果,尤其是因为我们可能不懂得其背后的基本科学”;“我们借助于未来科技可以从事非常巧妙的事情,而不必理解基本的科学原理,这是很危险的”。可见,作者的最大担心是在创造技术的同时没有真正懂得问题。因此C项为正确答案。
2.从文中可以推出,作者_______。
A.认为人们高估了科技的能力
B.对人工智能的积极应用并不乐观
C.认为我们应更加严肃地对待科幻电影
D.认为我们在科技上所面对的最大威胁是人工智能
【答案】B
【解析】文中第2段具体分析探讨了人工智能、纳米技术和生物技术的潜在危险。从中可知,作者对人工智能的积极应用并不乐观。因此B项为正确答案。
3.为什么作者说,在电影《终结者》中人类是不会获胜的?
A.因为科技的力量被夸大了。
B.因为机器的力量会大得多。
C.因为拥有很高智能的机器使人类无法获胜。
D.因为从这样一场战役中,即使是英勇的人类也会一无所获。
【答案】C
【解析】从第2段可知,电影《终结者》中唯一不可能实现的是人类会胜出。假如你在和比自己聪明得多的技术对抗,你可能不会取胜。这两句话的关系是前果后因。因此C项为正确答案。
4.纳米技术和有机体结合会_______。
A.产生使许多人致命的危险病毒
B.产生对人不太友好的生物
C.打破自然的平衡
D.使世界陷入黏液之中
【答案】B
【解析】从第2段可知,纳米技术与有机体相结合可能产生对人类不太友好的生物。因此B项为正确答案。
5.作者对新兴技术的态度是_______。
A.批评
B.怀疑
C.煽动
D.大惊小怪
【答案】B
【解析】从第2段开头可知,未来一百年中特别危险的技术是纳米技术、人工智能和生物技术。它们带来的好处不容置疑,但它们潜在的危险却很大。由此可见,B项为正确答案。
6.根据本文推测以下哪个表述是正确的?
A.人类理解能力快于新型科技。
B.让人意想不到的科技在未来发展困难。
C.科技与商业的结合只在自由贸易体制下是件好事。
D.新技术的出现对人类智慧是个挑战。
【答案】D
【解析】从第1段和最后一段最后一句话可知,无比强大技术因为人类的理解能力而变得危险,人类应该对新技术的出现不断进行辩论,因此,新技术的出现要考虑人类的理解能力和人类的智慧。因此D项是正确的。
Text 2
Directions:In this section,you are required to read several excerpts from newspapers and/or magazines.These excerpts are followed by five questions or unfinished statements,each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Excerpt 1
From 2003 to 2050,the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion,a 42%increase.If energy use per person and technology remain the same,total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly,CO2)will be 42%higher in 2050.But that’s too low,because societies that grow richer use more energy.We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards.With modest growth,energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
Excerpt 2
Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the prob
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